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Maurice Jarre, Hollywood Composer, Dies at 84
Maurice Jarre,
a composer who mastered the musical idiom of the Hollywood epic and was
nominated nine times for Academy Awards, winning three, died Saturday
in Malibu. He was 84.
He died after a short illness, said his agent, Laura Engel, speaking on behalf of Mr. Jarre’s wife, Fong.
Mr. Jarre (pronounced Zhar) won all three of his Academy Awards for films directed by David Lean,
whose exotic locales served as fodder for Mr. Jarre’s lush musical
imagination. Whether evoking the deserts of Arabia for “Lawrence of
Arabia” (1962), the Russian steppes for “Dr. Zhivago” (1965) or the
Indian subcontinent in “A Passage to India” (1984), Mr. Jarre’s vivid
scoring for percussion — he was a percussionist himself — his use of
wide intervals to suggest vast landscapes and his appropriation of
musical modes indigenous to the films’ settings, made the music a
crucial element of the romance and spectacle of the stories.
He
may be best known for the melancholy melody that was the prime
leitmotif from the score of “Dr. Zhivago,” Mr. Lean’s heart-tugging
love story set in Russia during World War I and the Russian Revolution,
starring Omar Sharif and Julie Christie. Associated with Ms. Christie’s character, the theme, a lilting tune with a seeming sigh of longing
attached to each phrase, was repeated again and again during the film
with different instrumentation, most notably the balalaika. It came to
be known as “Lara’s Theme” and became a standard of easy listening, a
staple of elevators and dentist’s offices; when words were added by
Paul FrancisWebster, the song became known as “Somewhere, My Love” and
was recorded by Connie Francis, Ray Conniff and many others.
For
decades, Mr. Jarre was among the most sought-after composers in the
movie industry. He was a creator of both subtle underscoring and grand,
sweeping themes, not only writing for conventional orchestras
(sometimes augmented by the more exotic instrumentation of other
cultures) but also experimenting with electronic sounds later in his
career. He was prolific; he contributed music to more than 150 movies
of a wide variety: dramatic and comic, ponderous and light-hearted,
artsy and baldly mercenary, high-minded and trashy.
The films included the World War II epic “The Longest Day” (1962) and the Neil Simon sex comedy “Plaza Suite” (1971); the exploitative tale of interracial
lust on an antebellum Southern plantation, “Mandingo” (1975) and Volker Schlöndorff’s adaptation of Günter Grass’s
Holocaust novel, “The Tin Drum” (1979); a modern thriller of sexual
obsession, “Fatal Attraction” (1987), a biography of Dian Fossey, who
lived in Africa among the apes, “Gorillas in the Mist” (1988) and the
gentle drama of schoolboys and their idealistic teacher, directed by Peter Weir, “Dead Poets Society” (1989).
Mr.
Jarre composed music for five movies directed by Mr. Weir, including
the electronic scores for “The Year of Living Dangerously” (1982) and
“Witness” (1985). When he collaborated with the director Jerry Zucker
on the fantasy drama “Ghost,” (1990), he was nominated for the ninth
time for an Oscar.
Maurice Alexis Jarre was born Sept. 13, 1924,
in Lyon, France. He came to music relatively late, dropping out of the
Sorbonne, where he was studying engineering, and enrolling in the Paris
Conservatory, where his teachers included the Swiss composer Arthur
Honegger, the timpanist Félix Passerone and Joseph Martenot, the
inventor of an electronic keyboard, a predecessor of the synthesizer.
His
early compositions were not for film but for the theater; during the
1950’s he was associated with France’s Théâtre National Populaire. He
composed his first film scores for the French director Georges Franju. He made his breakthrough in Hollywood when the producer Sam Spiegel heard his score for the film “Sundays and Cybele,” which eventually won
an Oscar for best foreign language film, and he hired him to work on
“Lawrence of Arabia.”
Mr. Jarre married four times; he is
survived by his wife, Fong, whom he married in 1984. Other survivors
include two sons, Jean-Michel, a composer, and Kevin, a screenwriter;
and a daughter, Stéfanie. Though Mr. Jarre had lived in the United
States for decades, the president of France, Nicolas Sarkozy,
issued a statement after his death, calling Mr. Jarre “a great
composer” who, by working in film, “broadened the public for symphonic
music.”
“He showed everyone that music is just as important as images for the beauty and success of a film,” Mr. Sarkozy said.
Mr. Jarre worked with many legendary directors, including Alfred Hitchcock (“Topaz”), John Huston (“The Man Who Would Be King”) and Luchino Visconti (“The Damned”). It is an oddity, perhaps, that his most successful
partner in Hollywood was one he met so early on, Mr. Lean, with whom he
made four films; the only one for which he did not win an Oscar was
“Ryan’s Daughter,” (1970), an unhappy love story set in Ireland during
World War I about an adulterous affair that is the sexual and romantic
awakening of a young woman. (Vincent Canby, the New York Times film
critic, called the score “dreadfully ever-present.”) Otherwise, inMr.
Jarre, Mr. Lean found the perfect composer to enhance his sweeping
storytelling.
Mr. Jarre often said that Mr. Lean had very
specific ideas about the role that music should play in his films and
that he understood what Mr. Lean wanted.
“Four films, three Oscars,” Mr. Jarre concluded in an interview with Variety in 1989. “That’s not so bad.”